This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pediatric nurses' levels of artificial intelligence literacy and artificial intelligence anxiety. The study population consisted of 246 nurses working at children hospital within a city hospital in Ankara, Türkiye. Data were collected using a researcher-developed Participant Information Form, the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale and the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation, Multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Pediatric nurses' artificial intelligence literacy point was measured as 58.94 ± 10.36, and their artificial intelligence anxiety point was measured as 43.05 ± 13.29. Demographic factors significantly influenced outcomes: single nurses and those with higher education exhibited greater AI literacy, while older nurses (≥30 years) reported higher anxiety. Nurses who viewed as facilitative for care demonstrated higher AI literacy, whereas those perceiving as a job threat showed lower literacy and higher AI anxiety. A weak negative correlation indicated that higher AI literacy was associated with reduced anxiety, particularly in learning-related and job-displacement concerns. To prepare pediatric nurses for the digital transformation of healthcare services, it is recommended that institutions prioritize educational programs focused on artificial intelligence literacy alongside the establishment of robust institutional infrastructure and technical support mechanisms. Enhancing AI literacy among pediatric nurses may contribute to lowering their AI-related anxiety and promoting the more effective integration of AI technologies into pediatric nursing care.